Simple Machines A simplemachine is a device with few, if any, moving partsthat makes it easier to do work. For example, ahammer, which has no moving parts, is a simplemachine.Simple machines can change either...
Properties of lightHow does light travel?Light is a form of energy that travels in waves.Light waves spread out as they move away froma source. Light travels in straight lines called rays.Light waves can travel...
HeatWhat is heat?If you hold a mug of hot cocoa, energy movesfrom the mug to your hand. Since the mug is hotterthan your hand, your hand gets warmer as it absorbsenergy from the mug....
What is electricity?All matter is made up of atoms. All atoms, in turn,are made of different numbers of protons, neutrons,and electrons. Although electrons are much smallerthan protons, they carry the same amount of electriccharge....
Using Energy What are energy and work?When you feel tired you may say, “I don’t haveany energy.” But what is energy? Energy is the abilityto perform work or to change an object. When youare...
Waves When a duck lands in a pond, it disturbs thewater. This disturbance produces a series of circlesthat grow larger as they move away from the duck.These circles are waves. A wave is a...
Changes in theatmospheric condition over a brief period of time such as a day or a week areweather. These changes are part of a larger pattern of atmospheric conditions calledclimate. Climate is the general...
Viewed from space, Earth’s land might seemflat. From close up, you can see many naturalfeatures on Earth’s surface. These features arecalled landforms.Tallest and FlattestThe tallest and most visible landforms aremountains. Most rise steeply to...
What forces changeEarth’s crust?The forces that move continents can also changethe continents’ shapes. Plates slide past each otherat transform boundaries, and the pieces of rock rubtogether. This force, called shearing, works like theblades of...
The Scientific Method The Scientific Method – A set of generalized steps used to provide answers to questions relating to the natural world. You may encounter a slightly different variation of the steps involved,...
The Atom All matter is composed of atoms. The term atom comes from a Greek word that means “cannot be divided.” An atom is the smallest unit that has the properties of an element....
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